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Decolonisation of Africa

The decolonisation of Africa was a series of political developments in Africa that spanned from the mid-1950s to 1975, during the Cold War. Colonial governments gave way to sovereign states in a process often marred by violence, political turmoil, widespread unrest, and organised revolts. Major events in the decolonisation of Africa included the Mau Mau rebellion, the Algerian War, the Congo Crisis, the Angolan War of Independence, the Zanzibar Revolution, and the events leading to the Nigerian Civil War.[1][2][3][4][5] Scramble for Africa: Africa in the years 1880 and 1913, just before the First World War The Scramble for Africa between 1870 and 1914 was a significant period of European imperialism in Africa that ended with almost all of Africa, and its natural resources, claimed as colonies by European powers, who raced to secure as much land as possible while avoiding conflict amongst themselves. The partition of Africa was confirmed at the Berlin Conference of 1885, without regard ...

Decolonisation of Africa (Summary)

Introduction 


The decolonisation of Africa was a series of political developments that spanned from the mid-1950s to 1975, during the Cold War. Colonial governments gave way to sovereign states in a process often marred by violence, political turmoil, widespread unrest, and organised revolts.


*Key Events in Decolonisation*


- _Mau Mau Rebellion_: Kenya's fight for independence

- _Algerian War_: Algeria's struggle for freedom

- _Congo Crisis_: Post-independence turmoil in the DRC

- _Angolan War of Independence_: Angola's path to freedom

- _Zanzibar Revolution_: Zanzibar's pivotal moment


*Notable Leaders*


- Kwame Nkrumah (Ghana)

- Jomo Kenyatta (Kenya)

- Julius Nyerere (Tanzania)

- Léopold Sédar Senghor (Senegal)

- Patrice Lumumba (DRC)


*Impact of Decolonisation*


- Africa gained independence and self-governance

- Pan-Africanism movement emerged, promoting unity among African nations

- Challenges included civil wars, ethnic disputes, and economic struggles


*Timeline*


- 1957: Ghana gained independence, becoming the first sub-Saharan African country to do so

- 1960: "Year of Africa" with 17 countries gaining independence

- 1975: Most African countries had achieved Independence. 

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